This paper seeks to develop a theoretical framework for understanding competing visions of food sovereignty. Drawing on existing sociological, anthropological, and historical literature, we identify four dominant food sovereignty modes: (1) an autarchic or protectionist approach embodied in national self-sufficiency narratives; (2) a neoliberal or developmentalist approach that frames sovereignty in terms of competitiveness and prosperity in global markets; (3) collective and solidaristic sovereignty, advanced by transnational movements such as La Vía Campesina; and (4) domestic and subsistence-based approach, rooted in local practices of self-provisioning and reproductive labor. To examine how these approaches are manifested and negotiated in a specific empirical context, we focus on public debates and practices in Lithuania where the war in neighboring Ukraine has led to heated debates on existential questions of autonomy, resilience, good life, and collective survival. Within this context of geopolitical instability, food sovereignty has emerged as a central element in discussions of ontological security. By examining public discourses and initiatives aimed at building food sovereignty, our analysis finds that different articulations of food sovereignty are linked to the politics of care—not only through discursive frames that justify certain policies and actions as “care-worthy,” but also through the ways in which care is performed and organized on the household, community and infrastructural levels. By applying the care approach to theorizing food sovereignty, this approach adds analytically clarity and an understanding of how vastly different visions coexist and are negotiated at different scales.